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Blockchain
How a blockchain records every coin: blocks and hashes, nodes, proof of work and proof of stake, mining, forks and layer 2 networks.
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BlockchainBeginnerHow to improve cryptocurrency mining rig efficiencyMining rig efficiency means fewer watts per terahash at the wall. Measure power and hashrate, then tune voltage, clocks, airflow and the power supply.
Vahe Hakobyan3 min readRead guide
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BlockchainBeginnerWhy mining difficulty adjusts in BitcoinBitcoin adjusts mining difficulty to keep blocks arriving near a target pace. The network recalculates it from recent block times on a fixed cycle.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerBlock subsidy: what it is and how miners earn itA block subsidy is new cryptocurrency a proof-of-work network pays to miners for adding a block. Bitcoin cuts its subsidy in half about every four years.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to calculate mining profitability before you spendMining profit is the value of the coins you mine minus electricity, pool, and hardware costs, based on current network data and a current exchange rate.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerCrypto mining costs: what matters mostElectricity is usually the largest recurring cost of crypto mining, but hardware, pool fees and cooling also decide whether a rig breaks even.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to compare ASIC miners for a home setupCompare ASIC miners by algorithm, hashrate, efficiency, watts and noise, then add electricity, cooling and maintenance to the cost for your home.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerCan you mine cryptocurrency with a GPU?Yes, a GPU can mine proof-of-work coins, but Bitcoin needs ASICs, Ethereum ended GPU mining in 2022, and the IRS taxes mining income in the US.4 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerCloud mining: what it is and the risks it carriesCloud mining rents a provider's hardware to earn crypto, and the biggest risk is a provider that scams you or shuts down before paying. Payouts can shrink.4 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to recognize a mining investment scamA mining investment scam promises big returns, then blocks withdrawals or simply vanishes. Verify the seller and the wallet address before you send.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow proof of work secures a blockchainProof of work secures a blockchain by making miners spend computing effort, so changing old blocks means redoing every later block and network agreement.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow proof of stake secures a blockchainProof of stake secures a chain by making validators risk locked coins they lose if they cheat, then slashing misbehavior and finalizing by vote.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainIntermediateProof of work vs proof of stake: how they compareProof of work uses miners who race on hardware, while proof of stake uses validators who lock coins; Ethereum switched in 2022, and both have risks.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerWhat Is a Validator in Proof of Stake?A proof-of-stake validator proposes blocks and votes on them, locking up crypto it can lose for breaking rules. Ethereum requires a 32 ETH deposit.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerValidator slashing: what it is and who pays the priceValidator slashing destroys some or all of a validator's staked crypto for attacks or conflicting blocks. Delegators can lose part of their stake.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerStaking lockup risk: why staked crypto is stuckStaking lockup risk means staked crypto cannot be sold during unbonding, so its price can fall before the network releases it. The wait varies by network.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerDelegated staking: how it works and what you ownDelegated staking assigns staking rights to a validator while you keep ownership. Rewards come after commission, and slashing can cut the tokens you delegated.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerWhat is a staking reward rate and how does it work?A staking reward rate is the variable percentage a proof-of-stake network pays for staked crypto, and validator fees and the total staked move it.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerWhy staking rewards change and what drives themStaking rewards change because a quoted rate is an estimate, not fixed interest; network rules, validators, and platform terms all shift it over time.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to assess a staking provider before you stakeAssessing a staking provider means comparing custody, validator performance, slashing risk, and exit terms before you send coins. Check key control.2 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerWhat Is Mining Pool Centralization?Pool centralization is when a few mining pools control most of a proof-of-work network's hash rate. It can affect which transactions get processed.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerWhat is a majority attack on a blockchain?A majority attack is when one miner or pool controls most hash rate and rewrites blocks. It can double-spend but cannot steal coins from wallets.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow much electricity crypto mining uses and how to estimate yoursCrypto mining electricity use depends on your miner, network and runtime; your utility rate, cooling choices and hours run shape the final cost.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerMining hash rate: what it is and how it worksA mining hash rate counts hash guesses per second. It is speed, while difficulty measures how hard the target is for a valid block. Units show power.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainIntermediateHow to choose an Nvidia GPU for crypto miningNo single Nvidia GPU is best for crypto mining; Ampere and Ada differ in VRAM, efficiency, and LHR limits. Ethereum GPU mining ended in 2022.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerCrypto mining rig: what it is and how it worksA crypto mining rig is dedicated hardware that hashes to secure a proof-of-work chain and earn coins. Electricity and noise usually limit home use.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to build a cryptocurrency mining rigYou build a crypto mining rig by choosing a mineable coin, matching parts to power, and running mining software. Mining rewards are taxable income.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to keep a crypto mining rig coolKeep a mining rig cool by moving hot exhaust out and cool intake air in, placing the rig in open space, and lowering power and checking temperatures.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to maintain a crypto mining rig safelyMaintain a crypto mining rig safely: power down, clean heatsinks and fans, check temperatures and hashrate, update firmware, and keep tax records.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerHow to improve cryptocurrency mining rig efficiencyMining rig efficiency means fewer watts per terahash at the wall. Measure power and hashrate, then tune voltage, clocks, airflow and the power supply.3 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerCryptocurrency mining containers: what they are and how they workA cryptocurrency mining container is a self-contained enclosure that powers, cools, and networks miners, but it needs reliable power and local permits.2 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026
BlockchainBeginnerCrypto Mining Hosting: How It Works and What You OwnMining hosting is paying a provider to run your miner at its facility. Contracts cover uptime, repairs, access, and exit terms. Risks include downtime.2 min read · Updated Oct 6, 2026